I’ve had this issue a few days ago. It happened when I started a print job without clearing the bed. When I try to home the Z axis it simply jams in the bed and I have to emergency stop it. It sounds very similar to the issue here:
I believe I set the ZOffset to WAY higher and WAY lower but the behavior is the same. I believe that it was at 2.5mm before. I just tried setting it back to factory but same thing.
When I try to “Home Z Axis” it says that the Z Axis is over 500mm, when it is just above the bed, then it crashes into it.
I checked the connections that I screen-shotted and it all appeared to be connected. I am not sure how to remove the extruder outer case so I couldn’t check inside of that (not sure if that is what you were getting at)
Also, the “blue cylinder” thing is also seemingly jammed deep in the extruder. IDK if that is an issue but I thought I would point that out.
If you mean the thing that I have circled in red here, that is the vertical distance sensor. It tells the distance between itself and the printbed, and is adjusted so that the nozzle is in the right position and doesn’t crash into the printbed.
And yes, If that has changed position ever so slightly, you will have problems like you describe.